Mateusz Wiącek

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Desirable difficulties: Robert A. Bjork (1994)

Robert A. Bjork is a cognitive psychologist known for his research in the areas of learning, memory, and forgetting. His work has focused on understanding the factors that influence human…
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SuperMemo: Piotr Woźniak and the first app that really works (1990)

Piotr Woźniak was a student at the Poznan University of Technology and studied the effect of sleep on memory.  From his research, he found that we actually formulate new memories…
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Tell Me More and Rosetta Stone: The first commercial language apps (1987)

Auralog, the company behind the language learning application Tell Me More, was founded in 1987 by Maurice Lévy. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Auralog introduced multimedia language learning…
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Comprehensive input: Stephen Krashen, learning and acquisition (1982)

Stephen Krashen is an American linguist best known for his work in the field of second language acquisition.  In 1982 he published a very influential essay on “Principles and Practice…
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Communicative language teaching (CLT): Language is communication (1970s–1980s)

With the advent of the European Common Market in the ’70s and ’80s, there was a lot of migration in Europe and an increased number of people who needed to…
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Constructivism: Language is a mental model (1973)

Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in cognitive development that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood. Children process information in a different way than adults….
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Meaningful learning vs. rote learning: David Ausubel, We learn through association (1968)

David Ausubel was an American educational psychologist who was particularly known for his theories on learning and instruction. His research focused on how people acquire and organize knowledge. In 1968…
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PLATO: The first language learning program (1960)

PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automated Teaching Operations) is often considered a pioneer in the field of computer-based education. It was a computer-based learning system developed at the University of Illinois…
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The critical period: It gets more difficult with age (1959)

Penfield and Roberts introduced the concept of critical period hypothesis (CPH) in 1959. The theory states that the first years of life constitute the time during which language develops readily…
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Declarative vs. procedural memory (1957)

Scoville and Milner in 1957 studied a patient named Henry Molaison.  Henry suffered from severe epilepsy and underwent a surgical procedure in 1953 to alleviate his seizures. The surgical procedure…